Q
how does one pigment excite another pigmnt
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One pigment can excite another through a process called Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). In this phenomenon, an excited pigment molecule (donor) transfers its energy to a second pigment molecule (acceptor) without emitting a photon. This process requires both pigments to be in close proximity (typically 1-10 nm) and their energy levels to be compatible, meaning the emission spectrum of the donor must overlap with the absorption spectrum of the acceptor. FRET is a non-radiative process, relying on the dipole-dipole interactions between the molecules, and is highly efficient in energy transfer. It plays a crucial role in many biological processes, such as photosynthesis, where energy absorbed by one pigment (e.g., chlorophyll) is transferred to another, eventually being used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
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