Q
preparation of caustic soda reaction
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Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is commonly prepared through the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solution in a process called the Chloralkali process. This involves passing an electric current through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine), resulting in the formation of chlorine gas at the anode and hydrogen gas at the cathode. The remaining solution contains sodium hydroxide. The Chloralkali process can be conducted in one of three types of cells: mercury, diaphragm, or membrane cell, with the choice affecting the purity and concentration of the produced caustic soda. The membrane cell method is currently favored for its environmental and safety advantages, as it avoids the use of mercury and produces a high-purity product. The process needs careful control of conditions such as temperature and current density to optimize yield and minimize energy consumption.
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