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Cleaning polyvinyl chloride (PVC) requires a gentle approach to maintain its integrity while ensuring it's thoroughly cleansed. Initially, dust or dry soil should be removed using a soft cloth or brush to prevent surface scratches. For regular cleaning, mix mild soap with warm water, applying this solution with a soft sponge or cloth to wipe down the PVC. Avoid abrasive cleaners or pads that can damage the surface. For tougher stains, applying a small amount of rubbing alcohol on a cloth can be effective; however, it's essential to rinse the area with water afterward to remove any residue. In outdoor settings, PVC may develop mildew, which can be treated with a solution of bleach and water (1 part bleach to 10 parts water), but always test on a small, inconspicuous area first. Regular maintenance keeps PVC products in optimal condition, ensuring longevity and aesthetic appeal.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was officially banned as a food additive (E171) in the European Union starting 2022, after the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded it could no longer be considered safe as a food additive. This decision was based on uncertainties observed in studies regarding its potential to cause genotoxicity, which refers to the ability of a substance to damage DNA, a factor that can lead to carcinogenic effects. Although widely used in various products from paint to cosmetics, the concern here focuses on its ingestion through food products. This ban in Europe marks a significant shift, as TiO2 was a common ingredient in many food items, known for its use as a whitening and brightening agent. However, titanium dioxide remains approved for use in other applications outside of food additives within the EU and is still used in other regions for food products under certain regulations. Manufacturers are now tasked with finding alternatives to replace TiO2's function in their food products following the ban.
Fixing a cracked pipe involves several steps, first, identify the type and location of the pipe. For minor cracks in PVC or metal pipes, begin by turning off the water supply to prevent further damage. Clean and dry the area around the crack. For PVC pipes, use a PVC primer and PVC cement to seal the crack. Apply the primer first, then the cement, and hold firmly for a few seconds. For metal pipes, consider using epoxy putty specifically designed for metal; knead the putty until it's mixed then apply it over the crack, ensuring a tight seal. Alternatively, for a temporary fix, use waterproof tape or a pipe repair clamp. However, for large cracks or if the pipe is in a critical condition, it's advisable to replace the damaged section of the pipe or consult a professional plumber to avoid potential water damage or more complex issues.
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