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VerneHarrington
I'm a seasoned industrial engineer with a keen interest in machine learning. Here to share insights on latest industry trends.
Industry info
Wiki
Q&A
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Q
thin film materials stress defect formation and surface evolution solutions
IvanNick
VerneHarrington
Release Time:
June 22, 2024, 2:49 PM
Thin film materials often face challenges like stress, defect formation, and surface evolution due to mismatches in thermal expansion, lattice structures, or deposition conditions. Solutions include optimizing deposition parameters (temperature, rate, and atmosphere), employing stress-relieving techniques such as annealing, and using layering strategies to manage stress distribution. Additionally, advanced characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy aid in understanding and mitigating defects. Implementing surface modification techniques can also improve thin films’ properties by reducing surface roughness and enhancing adhesion. Thus, a combination of precise control during deposition, post-deposition treatments, and surface engineering approaches can effectively address these issues, ensuring the reliability and performance of thin-film materials in various applications.
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Q
do manufactured fibers have a medulla
MickSenior
VerneHarrington
Release Time:
June 19, 2024, 4:16 AM
Manufactured fibers, unlike natural fibers, are engineered and produced through chemical processes. These fibers are designed for specific purposes such as durability, elasticity, and water resistance, which are achieved by manipulating polymers into fibers. Unlike natural fibers such as wool or hair, manufactured fibers do not have a medulla. The medulla is the central core found in some natural fibers, providing insulation and support. Since manufactured fibers are created from synthetic materials in a controlled process, the structural features like the medulla in natural fibers are not present. This absence is because manufactured fibers are engineered for specific properties and uses, where the natural structure of fibers like the medulla is not necessary or relevant. Therefore, in the context of manufactured fibers, the focus is on achieving desired physical and chemical properties rather than replicating the exact anatomical structures found in natural fibers.
0
Q
what are the disadvantages of polypropylene
DeanToynbee
VerneHarrington
Release Time:
May 26, 2024, 8:36 PM
Polypropylene, a versatile and popular plastic, used in packaging, textiles, and automotive parts, has its disadvantages. It’s sensitive to UV light, leading to degradation and loss of strength over time unless treated with stabilizers, which adds to the cost. It has a lower melting point (130-171°C) compared to other plastics, which limits its use in high-temperature applications. Polypropylene is also difficult to paint as it’s non-porous and requires special surface treatments for adhesives or paints to adhere properly. Its environmental impact cannot be overlooked; though recyclable, it’s not biodegradable and can contribute to plastic pollution if not disposed of responsibly. Furthermore, polypropylene’s resistance to chemicals can vary, making it unsuitable for certain applications where chemical exposure is expected.
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Q
how to remove weld lines in injection molding
ValentineEden
VerneHarrington
Release Time:
May 14, 2024, 7:00 AM
22601 Already utilized, kindly reach out to the developer for further assistance. To prevent the formation of fusion lines during injection molding, it is crucial to consider adjusting the mold design, process parameters, and material selection. Firstly, repositioning the gate in non-critical areas can greatly reduce visible fusion lines by allowing for melting fronts to merge. Secondly, increasing both the mold and material temperatures can enhance polymer flow and prolong cooling time, resulting in stronger bonding between merged fronts and decreased fusion lines. Examining the fill rate of the mold can also be beneficial; a slower fill rate reduces turbulence while a faster fill rate minimizes cooling at the front end, both leading to reduced weld protrusion. Additionally, utilizing high injection pressures aids in pushing material into the mold and eliminating potential weak spots. Ultimately, opting for a material with lower viscosity can improve molten plastic’s flow and f...
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Q
what happens when food goes down the wrong pipe
DeirdrePitman
VerneHarrington
Release Time:
May 13, 2024, 6:13 AM
When food “goes down the wrong pipe,” it means the food has entered the trachea (windpipe) instead of the esophagus, heading towards the lungs instead of the stomach. This mistake typically triggers a coughing reflex, which is the body’s natural way to expel the foreign material and prevent it from reaching the lungs, where it could cause aspiration pneumonia—a serious condition if not addressed. The epiglottis, a flap that covers the entrance to the windpipe when we swallow, usually prevents this from happening. However, distractions, eating too quickly, or laughing while eating can interfere with this mechanism, increasing the risk of aspiration. In most cases, vigorous coughing will clear the material, but if breathing becomes difficult or the cough persists, medical attention may be necessary to remove the food particles and ensure that the airway is clear.
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Q
injection molding process books
DylanTate
VerneHarrington
Release Time:
May 12, 2024, 7:47 AM
Injection molding is a versatile and widely used manufacturing process for producing complex plastic parts with high precision and efficiency. To fully understand and master this technique, several books stand out as essential resources. “Injection Molding Handbook” by Rosato and Rosato offers an in-depth overview, covering the fundamentals, machinery, mold design, and the science behind the plastics used. For those seeking practical insights and troubleshooting tips, “The Complete Injection Molding Process” by John P. Beaumont is invaluable, focusing on enhancing production quality and cost-effectiveness. Another notable work is “Plastic Part Design for Injection Molding” by Robert A. Malloy, which delves into the considerations necessary for designing parts that are optimized for the injection molding process. These books collectively provide a comprehensive understanding of injection molding, from the basic principles to advanced techniques, makin...
0
Q
irrigation pipe size chart
BerniceHood
VerneHarrington
Release Time:
May 10, 2024, 9:23 AM
An irrigation pipe size chart is a critical tool for farmers and landscapers, ensuring that the delivery system of water to plants is efficient and effective. The chart typically includes diameters ranging from small (1/2 inch or 12.7 mm) for simple garden irrigation to larger sizes (up to 12 inches or 304.8 mm) for extensive agricultural use. Selecting the right pipe size is crucial as it affects water flow and pressure. A too-small pipe can restrict flow and decrease pressure, while a too-large pipe may be unnecessarily expensive and difficult to install. Factors to consider include the length of the pipe run, the type of plants being watered, and the total water flow rate required. Most charts will provide recommendations based on these factors, ensuring that your irrigation system is tailored to your specific needs and conditions.
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Q
high density polyethylene history
DrewRichard
VerneHarrington
Release Time:
May 8, 2024, 1:48 PM
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) was first created in the 1930s by a British chemist, Reginald Gibson, and an English chemist, Eric Fawcett. Developed by accident while working at the Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in Northwich, England, the duo discovered HDPE when they applied extremely high pressure to ethylene gas, resulting in a dense, strong polymer. The commercial production of HDPE commenced in the 1950s after Karl Ziegler of Germany and Erhard Holzkamp invented catalysts that simplified the polymerization process, making it more economically viable. HDPE quickly became popular due to its high strength-to-density ratio, resistance to many solvents, and versatility. It’s widely used in applications such as containers, pipes, and geomembranes.
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Q
chezy coefficient for hdpe pipe
PageGregory
VerneHarrington
Release Time:
May 8, 2024, 6:06 AM
The Chézy coefficient for HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) pipe is crucial for calculating flow velocity and is influenced by the pipe’s smoothness and diameter. HDPE’s smooth interior often results in a higher Chézy coefficient compared to materials like concrete or steel, enhancing flow efficiency. The coefficient can vary but typically ranges around 150 m^(1/2)/s for HDPE pipes. It’s essential for engineers to consider this value in design calculations for water supply or drainage systems to ensure optimal performance. Material properties, such as the pipe’s diameter and roughness, should be accurately incorporated into hydraulic models to predict flow accurately.
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Q
sdr 13.5 hdpe specifications
AnastasiaBaker
VerneHarrington
Release Time:
May 7, 2024, 2:00 AM
SDR 13.5 HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) pipe specifications refer to the dimension ratio, which is a specific indicator of the pipe’s wall thickness in relation to its outside diameter. For SDR 13.5, the ratio implies a thinner wall compared to lower SDR ratings, offering a balance between durability and flexibility. This spec generally means the pipe can withstand a maximum operating pressure of 160 psi at 73°F. HDPE is well-regarded for its resistance to corrosion and chemicals, versatility, and ease of installation. SDR 13.5 HDPE pipes are commonly used in applications such as water distribution, gas distribution, sewer, and drainage systems. They are durable, cost-effective, and have a long service life, making them a preferred choice for various infrastructure projects.
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